Friday, December 19, 2008

Maha Charger High Resistance

NANOARTE: DIO E' NEI DETTAGLI / GOD IS IN DETAILS


GOD 'IN THE DETAILS / GOD IS IN THE DETAILS
Alessandro Scali and Robin Goode, 2008

Triangle of about 200 x 200 x 200 nm.
diameter of the pupil of the eye of God, about 20 nanometers.

The work consists in engraved with the symbol of God (the triangle with the eye) on the higher and therefore smaller than a tip of an Atomic Force Microscope.

As with other works of Nanoart, it is not a photo or a gimmick, but a veritable engraving on a metal surface, made with appropriate instruments.

To give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe size of the triangle of God, one side measuring about 200 nanometers, while the diameter of the pupil of the eye is about 20 nanometers.

The work was carried out by a team of researchers NANOMED LAB, in the Advanced Biotechnology Center (CBA) of the Faculty of Physics of Genoa, led by prof. Ugo Valbusa.

The image you see is a 'photograph' of the tip of AFM (Atomic Force Microscope), created with a FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope).

Mineral Foundation Swatch

NANOARTE ALLA BIENNALE DI SIVIGLIA: LA CHIAVE PER IL PARADISO

Short video work The key to Paradise by Alessandro Scali and Robin Goode, exhibited at the Third Biennial of Contemporary Art of Seville, entitled YOUniverse.

The work consists of a camel through the eye of a real set in August The needle is placed under the lens of a Leica optical microscope, in turn connected to a video by 42 inches.

Wednesday, December 17, 2008

Ovarian Cyst Rupture And Homeopathy

Nanoarte: mai fidarsi degli artisti

This NanoArt essay is published in the catalog, published by Skira the exhibition held in Bergamo in October 2007. The exhibition - curated by Stefano Raimondi - presented for the first time in seven works of NanoArt Alessandro Scali and Robin Goode, made in collaboration with the Department of Physics of the Politecnico di Torino. Author of the essay: Alessandro Scali (LSSNDR).

"When investigating the nature and the universe,
far from seeking and finding quality objective
man finds himself. "

Werner Heisenberg


Believing that art and science are worlds apart, without relations between them, almost the antipodes of each other is a mistake. In reality we consider art and science as two individuals of the same species but different in kind, drawn from one another and working together to generate knowledge. Other common elements emerge if you look at the fashion operandi of an artist and a scientist: both operate within specific contexts, but in research tend to transcend the aesthetic one, the other the paradigms of scientific data. Both - contrary to what is generally believed - methodically combine the creativity, the artist performs it repeatedly and systematically the gesture of painting, the scientist measure a physical quantity, to arrive at the opening of Revelation of discovery.
Moreover, as the artist works on a strong knowledge base, so the scientist uses a strong intuitive component, or in other words, creative and artistic. Both art and science, then, aim to make simple what is complex, or intelligible what seems ineffable.
Other important considerations arise if, beyond comparison, we analyze the mutual influences and the concrete relations between art and science.
Under the impetus of science and technological progress, art, over the centuries, has undergone profound changes and has seen momentous steps. Just think of the impact they had on the art of the nineteenth century the appearance of the photograph, the ability of photography to reproduce the reality contributed to dismantle an idea that had existed for centuries and still does not cease to exercise his charm, that the concept of art as mimesis or reproduction of the world. What the artists could be a failure - a practical matter of survival - was transformed in the opportunity to redefine the very concept of art, going beyond realism. Leaving the task of photography to reproduce reality, artists - mostly painters - were focused on the representation of the inner world of feelings, emotions, differences in perception. Impressionism, abstract art, cubism, conceptualism are just a few movements that have marked this critical step in the concept of art, triggered by the discoveries of science and technology.
The constant relationship between art and science and technology is made manifest in contemporary art. If today's artists can express themselves not only through pictures, paintings, drawings, lithographs and sculptures, but also through photographs, film, video, multimedia installations, hardware and software, internet, etc ..., this is clearly the result of using the discoveries of science and technology in the field of art. For art science is thus not a distant world and against the contrary is a stimulus continuous, a seemingly inexhaustible reservoir of ideas and revolutionary forms of expression.

In an era such as the contemporary, characterized by continuous epochal discoveries, there is the risk of addiction to the great news: everything is constantly new, everything is revolutionary. This might not be able to distinguish between the multitude of alleged innovations, such as those that are practical and so profound affect on our lives and which, in contrast, are nothing more than flashes in the pan, destined to shine for a few seconds. The question that arises, in other words, if in a world that will amaze us every day with the constant proposition of new science and technology, there is still something that can really surprise us.

Well, nanotechnology has managed to surprise us. Just wonder can describe the range of feelings that we tested before the first images of nanoscale jet engines used on space satellites, or in front of images of a pair of pliers so small as to be able to take a single atom. We could not believe our eyes when we took the measurements of nanometer and we understand what is infinitely small compared to the size we are used to. A million times smaller than a millimeter. A unit of measure that our intellect is hard to represent. We were faced with something that surpassed our imagination nanobots that carried the drugs only to diseased cells, molecular computers and memories, so powerful and fast they can decipher any code in a few moments, and violate even the most sophisticated security systems. We wondered how it was possible that these things really exist and not just in the imagination of some writer of fiction, and what was the reason that he knew, after all, relatively little.
Our astonishment is diminished in front of the horizons that some of the most important Italian experts have described the industry about the impact of nanotechnology on our lives, our habits or possible solution to some of the most serious problems facing humanity. Suffice it to say that, as the prof. Pirri in his essay, "all the recent advances in life sciences, health, nutrition, environment, information, materials and energy have in common the study and understanding of physical phenomena and biophysical scales smaller. There is no industry that, ultimately, to escape the investigation of the properties of matter from its structures more minute. "

Nanotechnology, in essence, is a radically new approach, based on understanding and knowledge of the properties of matter at the nanoscale. On this scale the material has different properties, sometimes quite surprising, and the boundaries between scientific and technical disciplines fade, which explains the interdisciplinary dimension associated with nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is often described as potentially revolutionary in terms of impact on industrial production methods. They provide a range of possible solutions to current problems with materials, components and systems smaller, lighter, faster and more effective. Nanotechnology should also play a leading role in solving global problems as environmental and permit the construction products and processes for more specific uses, conserve resources and reduce the volume of waste and emissions.

The second great discovery which immediately followed that of nanotechnology, has been meeting with that - if I may say so - behind nanotechnology. In particular, quantum mechanics, a complex of physical theories developed in the first half of the twentieth century that describe the behavior of matter at the microscopic level. At this size, in fact, the assumptions underlying the classical physics can not explain the phenomena observed during the experiments. But talk of new theories is limited: in fact quantum mechanics by a real perversion of our habitual way of observing the world, presenting a reality governed by a strange logic upside down they lose consistency in the fundamental laws that govern our daily reality. And it is precisely the strangeness - sometimes the absurdity - of microphysical laws of the universe to us, once again, amazed: we talk, for example, the concept of a wave of probability, the principle of non-locality, the EPR paradox Paths of research which is not or does not affect only the field of physics, but have a strong impact on our world view, particularly on the philosophy and art itself.

This digression into the world of microphysics we felt it was an essential step to understand as clearly as possible the conditions that led to the birth of NanoArt. The desire to bring together two worlds often seen as far away as the art and science can therefore be attributed to two main objectives. The first is of a truly artistic, which originates from the need to find new ways of expression to convey effectively and surprising new ideas, new concepts and new perspectives on the world. In this respect, science, and in particular nanotechnology, may make available to the forefront of the art tools and techniques able to overturn the traditional ways of expression. Through Nanoart want to propose an art that concretely demonstrate its openness to the world, news, society, culture, research and innovation; art careful progress, development, new possibilities offered by science and technology: an art not closed, self-referential and inward-looking, but otherwise open, dynamic, curious. The goal of the collaboration is that to integrate the technical aspect of micro / nanotechnology with a conceptual approach, aesthetic and artistic, so it will explode the potential of art and technology more advanced.
The second reason stems from the desire to bring the world of science, technology and innovation to the common people. Within the research laboratories are emerging ideas and revolutionary projects, which will undoubtedly play a leading role in our future and will also change the way we understand reality and to relate to it. Through the mediation of art these findings may leave the circumscribed world of the laboratories to become common property.

art has only recently begun to interact with nanotechnology. From this point of view, as well as Grit Rulhand, the only artist who has experimented costantemente con strutture micro e nanometriche è Cris Orfescu. Rispetto a quella di Orfescu, la nostra idea di NanoArte è diversa. Il nostro obiettivo non si limita a riprodurre il mondo microfisico a grandi dimensioni, ma utilizza le potenzialità offerte dalle nanotecnologie come mezzo per esprimere artisticamente nuovi punti di vista, nuovi valori, nuove interpretazioni del mondo. Partiamo cioè dalla necessità di veicolare un concetto o un’idea – per esempio l’invisibilità di un intero continente nel caso di Dimensione attuale , o una sfida alle leggi di Dio in Chiave per la libertà - e laddove ritieniamo che le nanotecnologie possano essere il mezzo più efficace per esprimerli, we use it.
In other words, we are not magnified images of a nanometer pre-existing universe, in which the works are themselves part of that universe. Our works are real physical objects of various forms - animals, objects, whole continents, words - but tiny in size, most often invisible to the naked eye. Also, thanks to the opportunity offered by nanotechnology to modify the nanostructure of certain materials, it is possible to create works that are visible only at certain points on the surface and only after interaction with the public. This is the case that the work waste of breath appears only after the viewer has blown across its surface. Another aspect to consider in dealing with an art project of this kind is the practical realization of departure. From this point of view, the contribution of the Physics Department of Politecnico di Torino has been crucial.

certainly produce works of art nanoscale leads to a kind of aesthetic embarrassment: some works are so small they are invisible to the naked eye. For example, if the work Beyond the Pillars of Hercules, what you see is nothing but a square of metal about an inch from the side. The prints lithographed on its surface are visible only with the aid of special instruments. NanoArt then breaks the taboo of visibility and perceptibility to the naked eye. It becomes possible to observe the work only indirectly, with the help of other instruments. There are extreme cases where even the light microscope is of no help to be able to see something, and you have to use the scanning electron micoscopio.
An equally significant event from the aesthetic point of view is the opportunity to create works that come to life only when a viewer interacts with them, as, for example, the aforementioned case of the work waste of breath. These possibility a series of questions inevitably arise: the art must necessarily be observable? You can talk about a work of art if it is not directly perceptible by our senses? And then, in the case of a work infinitely small and not visible to the naked eye, who guarantees that it exists and is not a joke instead of a couple of pranksters? We must rely on art and the artist?

is no doubt that the possibility of invisible art is a challenge to some of the concepts underlying the aesthetic experience and that poses a few problems on how to submit work: is to be presented nano works as they are invisible? Or is it necessary to accompany the images with that show, magnified, what the human eye can not see? Or, perhaps it is appropriate to display them directly under the lens of microscopes? These are questions that we ask ourselves today and we are trying to answer with this first exhibition.

And if, finally, the NanoArt represented a sort of reversal of contemporary art? In an era of artistic grandeur, based on the star system, with mighty works and exhibitions and fairs immense, perhaps we need a healthy and firm downsizing. NanoArt is an art that becomes small, which is resized to the point of becoming invisible to the human eye. The fact that you can not see does not mean it does not exist.
In the words of a joke, we are for an art that does not give too much attention.


Dickies Monster Print Backpack

Arti maggiori, minori, minime

What follows is a transcript of the interview with Elisa Facchin Alessandro Scali and Robin Goode, published in the magazine-catalog Spaceship Turin exhibition, held at the International Museum of Applied Arts Today (MIAAO) in Turin, where the two artists have participated con l’opera dal titolo U.N.O. (Unidentified Nanometric Objects, 2007).

Pubblicitari e grafici di professione. Si sono accostati all’arte per esprimersi altrimenti, con una grande voglia di rischiare intraprendendo percorsi inesplorati. Come un tempo il grande Franco Grignani, amano l’arte come sperimentazione e metodo, ma corretto dall’ironia. La NanoArte, ossia la creazione di artefatti in scala micro e nanometrica, è una svolta recente nelle loro ricerche e li sta portando alla ribalta, perché in questo campo sono pionieri. La loro prima opera, Oltre le colonne d’Ercole, è una lastra di silicio su cui sono impresse impronte delle dimensioni di una cellula: first steps towards the spectacular universe that nanotechnology can reveal. I am Alessandro Scali (Turin, 1972) and Robin Goode (Cape Town 1978), who founded the art collective communication Kut PAPERKUT agency communications. We meet them in their studio in Turin.
How did the idea to undertake the challenge of Nanoart?
Our professional curiosity leads us to do research, to be eager for news in all fields. In 2004, surfing the Net, we came across in the first images of nanotechnology. We were impressed by the expressive potential of this new frontier of science, which could allow a provocative play on the conceptual overcoming the 'visual arts'. We have prepared a draft NanoArt, posted anywhere, and turns the 'horizontality hierarchical' own Internet, the greatest luminaries of the field, we have responded by directing them towards the Italian centers of excellence for nanotechnology: Trieste and Turin, Lecce and Catanzaro.
How did the collaboration with the Polytechnic of Turin?
After meeting Professor Enzo di Fabrizio University of Trieste and have received very positive feedback from him about the feasibility and quality of the project, we decided groped in our city, at the Polytechnic. We have made contact with Professor Fabrizio Pirri, Department of Physics, which has formed a team, now composed of six people, and kicked off the work. We owe everything to the University: we create our research topics, so let the 'inventors', but they implement them, are the artists 'applied' nanotechnology ...
What do you use? Several
. For example, beyond the Pillars of Hercules, we used photolithography, the current size to oxidative lithography, a fool who reads the laser ablation.
Why nanotechnology as a 'tool' of artistic production?
should be made clear: we have decided to art 'invisible' because we came in nanotechnology. The opposite is true: nanotechnology has all the features to enable us to deliver an effective and innovative concepts that we wanted to convey, making art. New viewpoints, new values, new readings of the world as, for example, a complaint of invisibility 'politics' of an entire continent in the case of current size, an Africa-sized 300x280 nanometers. On the one hand and then use nanotechnology because they allow us an aggressive artistic communication, concise and impressive. Second, we assign a value to our work as important popular: nanotechnology is the result of scientific progress and a lot of people are unaware of the strides that science has made in the last century (think of the halo of mystery that still surrounds the quantum mechanics). Yet, the worlds that new technologies are able to uncover are terribly fascinating even for the uninitiated. With our work not only 'minor', but 'minimal', even 'dwarf' we hope to create a contact, even empathy, between the public and new scientific and aesthetic, while the arts 'more' of everything fuck it. So
art as a means 'popular' for the dissemination of scientific knowledge?
Too. We feel the need to get out of the scientific and technological laboratories also high profile, that all he approprino, that everyone 'surprise'. Today we do not use brushes but nanotechnology, using what science has to offer. But this is only the beginning. We do not want to feel connected to the power of nanotechnology. There are many other technologies that we apply artistically. Our goal is to open a laboratory at the Polytechnic, where gather the input they receive from researchers and artistic reworking. A modern version of the ancient art workshops. In this regard there is one aspect that has extremely impressed: there is a period in which Researchers are testing the machines and they do playing just created (for example, in the case of nanotechnology to create tiny objects 'profane'). We would like to include in the gap between research and play and use it to communicate something. The laboratory would make it stable and this project would provide to people who have worked with us so far to continue to specialize in this area hybrid 'technology-art': a professional unusual, futuristic.
the first exhibition of NanoArt as a reaction you expect from the public and what is then actually been?
Everything went as expected: it creates a kind of 'aesthetic embarrassment' why people did not know how to relate to the work. On the other hand it is the silicon chip placed on a pedestal and watching them do not see anything, except that the technicians put markers to define the scope, immense, in which the work is. The gaze of the viewer runs the captions and find peace only when he passes the enlargements made with a scanning microscope and certified by the University on the wall. Only by providing the 'evidence' proves that the work exists, otherwise it might not be there: an 'aesthetic paradox' to which the viewer should 'trust' of the artist. Perhaps, to educate this kind of vision, and 'aesthetic experience', should, before you get to just expose chip (which would be typical artistic provocation), groped the way of interaction, it set forth the optical microscopes. The problem is that not all the works are so 'great' can be seen by light microscopy and the machines that it would take, the FESEM scanning electron microscopes, can only be used in laboratory and technical experts.
The 'nanoparticles' produced so far are very different from each other: the current size and 'busy', Beyond the Pillars of Hercules is 'science fiction', Dumb reader is a gag. There is a thread? The common thread is
a taste for paradox, contradiction, irony and intellectual challenge. For example, the reader is emblematic Dumb: use technology to produce 'rubbish' in fact is nothing but a metaphor for futility, when the danger of certain technology if adopted uncritically or speculatively. But, mind you, this book can be read as a divertissement. For us it is very important that the first level of interpretation is straightforward, then it is obvious that depending on the background of those who observe the limits of interpretation can be multiplied indefinitely: it is the 'semantic step' ...
not believe that the potential expressive of nanotechnology can result in the visible-invisible dichotomy? Yes
Since we do not want our becoming a way, we've got many new projects involving other technologies, in line with the idea of \u200b\u200b'didactic' where did the first wave.
Are you fascinated by science fiction?
We are fascinated by borders, indistinct, of science. More details from the territories and spaces scientific than those of single undisciplined imagination. But then sometimes the borders are blurred: there are things 'out there' who have read so different from ours contemporaneramente to appear as real and fantastic.

What Do College Teams Do With Old Helmets

Nanoarte: oltre le arti visive

NanoArt has passed the visual arts? Demand is necessary before the size of the current work such as Size , an Africa-sized 300 x 280 nanometers, lithographed on a silicon wafer. To give some benchmarks, or reference, just think that the smaller cells of our bodies - those bacteria - are about the size of 1 micron , or one millionth of a meter, while the nanometer is a billionth of a meter . Well, the short side of the current size measure 280 nanometers. If one thinks that Africa is on a wafer di silicio di circa due centimentri per lato, si comprende come riuscire a trovare la litografia sulla sua superficie, anche se dotati degli strumenti necessari, sia un’impresa nient’affatto semplice, se non disperata.

Il continente africano litografato è dunque inaccessibile all’occhio umano. A un’esposizione, lo spettatore vede solamente la placchetta di silicio e null’altro. Eppure l’Africa c’è, semplicemente la sua esistenza non è da noi percepibile. Potremmo allora decidere di mettere il wafer sotto la lente di un microscopio ottico, ma anche in questo caso non vedremmo nulla: Dimensione attuale è talmente minuscola that even a light microscope can reveal their existence. It is true that sometimes the researchers put the markers - in other words, the signs - to mark the boundaries within which the work is, but also doing what the area is immense, and who should have an FESEM - Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, a special microscope to scan elettreonico that is able to observe nanometer-sized objects - would in any case looking for a needle in a haystack.

Compared to any other work of art so far made and exhibited to the public, current Size inevitably raises a number of questions rather disturbing. First, the work really exist? We have to trust the artist? Or is it all a farce, a mockery, a divertissement , a stunt of two funny guys, yet another, sickening provocation - and nothing more - of contemporary art?
If one assumes that what is nano is not seen with the naked eye, let alone with the light microscope, Robin and I could in theory maintain that on that piece of silicon there is anything: try to prove otherwise. Of course, it would be a better villain, but they are made and certified by the Politecnico di Torino, and anyone - taking the precautions - may attend in person to the realization of the artifact itself within the clean rooms or laboratories of ChiLab Latemar.

So the skeptics can put your heart at peace, Africa is indeed on the surface of silicon, but the question still remains, to this effect: ok, the work is there, but if I can not see there? That reasoning makes no sense: would be to deny, for example, the existence of cells because the human eye. We must clarify that if it is true that the work is invisible to the eye, they are not in an absolute sense: with the instruments suitable, and with a good dose of patience and luck, you may be able to find and see Africa.

There is no doubt, however, that the current size - taken by itself, not accompanied by images taken with electron microscopes that reveal the existence - causes a kind of aesthetic embarrassment. But how, display work that is there but not seen? And yet there is beauty. Simply return to the sense of the work itself - the invisibility of Africa: a fact, as much as its actual, concrete existence - to understand the significance of the contradiction and paradox. The invisibility in this case, not an end in itself, but it's functional significance of the work. Size current is invisible because it should be, and not merely a display of virtuosity.

How to exhibit, then, a work that you do not see? We ask it every time we set up an exhibit. For current Size - in the case of the exhibition NanoArt Bergamo - we used a trick : we made a larger sample of the work, the size of a few microns, and we put this chip in the lens of a microscope, while the original work - the nano - was displayed alongside the enlarged reproduction. What viewers could not see, then, was the original work, but a sample with the same characteristics but larger, and therefore visible.

Another significant example of exceeding the limits of the visible is represented by Beyond the Pillars of Hercules, not surprisingly NanoArt first work created by me and Robin. One set of footprints imprinted on a micrometer silicon wafer just wanted to represent the first steps of the art in a mysterious universe, which although part of our law-governed, however, is often completely different, we seem paradoxical, contradictory, absurd . Is the universe infinitely small or invisible, of matter and quantum laws that describe behavior, quantum mechanics.
From the point of view of the size we can talk about first steps in comparison to the size of nanometer-size present, one could say that beyond the Pillars of Hercules work is huge: the prints are great few microns, and overall, the walk is about 2 cm long. In any case, to the naked eye it is hard to see something in particular conditions of light you can see a series of dots forming a line snaking, but nothing more.

Only four white images FESEM and black - exposed in the case of premium San Fedele in Milan, in addition to the work - reveal the details: on a lunar surface that is clearly distinguishable signs of the boots left by someone, but not limited to, the recognizes the pressure exerted by the weight of the body on the ground: the prints are not simply 'painted' really 'impressed', have depth.
are also, finally, the first steps of the art beyond the limits of the visible: there are works that exist but escape the eye, are denied the sight: there, the bulimic contemporary eye can not reach. Constantly bombarded by an endless sequence of strain, of invisible to the eye in front of works must surrender to his momentary worthlessness. At this juncture, the eye does epochè , suspend the proceedings.

Although the eye is excluded by one of its territories privileged, I do not think that is the NanoArt denial of vision. On the contrary, maybe the invisible art is an invitation not only to stop look, but to observe . A does not impress us / suggestions, but to examine in closer detail, more depth. The invisible art is the attempt to go beyond the simple, banal vision is, perhaps, the idea of \u200b\u200ba look active against una visione passiva, acritica, distratta, superficiale, preconfezionata. La Nanoarte vuole sfidare, contrastare, mettere in crisi la dittatura dell’occhio e dell’immagine per proporre un diverso tipo di osservazione che non coinvolga l’occhio in prima istanza, o che non si riduca esclusivamente ad esso.
L’occhio, in fondo, non vede nulla. È il cervello che interpreta gli stimoli provenienti dall’occhio trasformandoli in immagini. Paradossalmente Dimensione attuale , o la NanoArte, o l’arte invisibile, non sono la negazione ma l’ elogio , l’ esaltazione della visione, ma di una visione che liberatasi dal vincolo dell’occhio, può rediscovering the role of all that, over and beyond the eye, allows human beings to see , and thus to understand .

Karts For Sale Calgary

Nanoarte: Oltre le Colonne d'Ercole

What, today, the characteristics of travel? What is the point of the journey in society and in contemporary culture? What are the differences to travel to other times? If you look at the primary or literal meaning of the term - and then travel as a means physical movement between two different places - you can not help but notice that today, compared to a past not too remote, traveling is very simpler, faster, comfortable. But not only today you can travel almost anywhere, the world has become smaller, the distances are shortened, they have shortened the time and places available have increased exponentially.

These characteristics have made the trip to lose a crucial aspect of contemporary travels of the past: the unknown, the discovery, wonder, surprise. How many travelers of the past, beginning, they knew in advance where they would come to this? How many of them knew what they would find during the journey and upon arrival at destination? Certainly few. No doubt Dante, not Odysseus, Marco Polo nor not Christopher Columbus, and with them many, many others: Perhaps most impressive of their trip was just not knowing what they were going to meet, or even to discover incredible new worlds which no human being was the first to know.

The modern traveler, in most cases, already knows where it will arrive before you leave. Indeed, more data and information on the destination has the better. After all, what is still unknown on earth that has been transformed into a tourist guide, a documentary, an amateur video or picture of a professional? Often traveling is just going to see 'live' the countries and places that both fascinated us on TV, in a magazine or a book.

JOURNEY TO THE DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD
How to retrieve the size of the unknown to the modern traveler, discovery, surprise, surprise? It is still possible today, without knowing where you come from? You can go beyond the Pillars of Hercules of our world to venture into new territory? Maybe, if it is true that, in ours, there is a universe unknown to most people not only because hardly visible to the naked eye, but also because at the moment confined to the theories and their applications in scientific laboratories and research centers.

We are talking about the universe of the infinitely small, so small that our common millimeter is too large to measure something accurately (it's like if you use a meter to measure the head of a pin) and therefore are used as units of measurement micrometers if not even smaller, the nanometer.
For those unfamiliar with multiple sub-units of measure, it is good to know that the prefix micro is a millionth as the prefix for nano stands for one billionth. Referring then to the micro, we refer to scales of magnitude of a millionth of a meter (or even a thousandth of a millimeter), while in the case of nanotechnology, refers to magnitude scale of a billionth of a meter (or of a millimeter 1/1000.000: a nanometer is the length of a small molecule).
Well, the human being has only recently started to explore this unknown world, and the surprises were incredible. Not only are discovering the laws that govern it - and, surprisingly, are different from those that govern our world - but are growing, thanks to nanotechnology, micro-and nanoscale objects that exceed your imagination.

THE UNIVERSE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology is a new approach based on understanding and knowledge of the properties of matter at the nanoscale. On this scale the material has many properties, sometimes quite surprising, and the boundaries between scientific disciplines and techniques are reduced, which explains the interdisciplinary strongly associated with nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is often described as potentially 'revolutionary': they make a number of possible solutions to current problems with materials, components and systems smaller, lighter, Faster and more effective. Nanotechnology should also make an important contribution to solving global and environmental problems because they allow you to create products and processes for more specific uses, conserve resources and reduce the volume of waste and emissions.

ART AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
The first artistic expressions
art has only recently begun to interact with nanotechnology. From this point of view, the only artist who has experimented with micro-and nano-structures is Cris Orfescu. The works are Orfescu basically the 'Photos' - obtained by electron microscopy - micro-and nanostructures of various materials, or micro and nanosculture 'random' accessible via attacks / chemical processes. The images of the structures obtained with a scanning electron microscope are then edited and 'color' to your computer and printed on canvas or paper.

approach Scali & Goode
Our approach is different, is different, because it intends to use the potential of micro / nanotechnology as a means, instrument or through to express the artistic point of view, new perspectives, new values, new interpretations of the world. That is, starting from the need to convey a concept or idea, and where we believe that nanotechnology may be the most effective means to express them, use them to produce works of art infinitely small, the order of micrometers or nanometers.

OVER the Pillars of Hercules
silicon microlithography
If indeed there is a new territory to explore, why not go beyond the Pillars of Hercules del nostro mondo per andare alla ricerca di una nuova dimensione, un nuovo modo di concepire lo spazio e il tempo? Perché non far fare all’arte i primi passi sulla sua superficie? Perché non proporre allo spettatore un viaggio verso qualcosa di sostanzialmente sconosciuto e invisibile, ma che è realtà?
È per questo motivo che abbiamo deciso di presentare un’opera dal titolo Oltre le colonne d'Ercole : un’opera che è costituita da un campione di materiale metallico – il silicio – sulla superficie del quale sono state litografate una serie di impronte di dimensioni micrometriche, al fine di rappresentare la prima, vera e propria passeggiata in questo new world. It is important to note that the prints are not simply 'painted', but recorded. This means that - as evidenced by enlarged photographs of the silicon sample - it was possible to reproduce the pressure of the weight of the shoe on the metal surface.
Another noteworthy element is the fact that Beyond the Pillars of Hercules can be considered the first example to the world of micro / nano lithography artistic purposes on a metallic material. It was possible to get this riusultato thanks to the collaboration and essential contribution of the Physics Department of Politecnico di Torino, specifically grazie al prof. Fabrizio Pirri e ai dottorandi Giancarlo Canavese, Alessandro Chiolerio, Gabriele Maccioni Giacomo Piacenza, Samy Strola. Nei paragrafi successivi vengono fornite tutte le informazioni relative al processo di realizzazione dell’opera e degli strumenti utilizzati,
Per quanto riguarda le dimensioni dell’opera, con un calcolo spannometrico la camminata (escludendo i passi fatti nella "sosta") risulta circa 28mm; ci sono in tutto 54 impronte di cui 11 grandi (prima della sosta) 23 medie (che compongono la sosta) e 20 piccole (dopo la sosta verso l'orizzonte).

Dimensioni delle impronte

very positive impression:
length: 1019um
width: 398um
piece rear 58x64um
piece Front 35x83um

Tread very negative:
length: 1121um
width: 489um
piece rear 58x64um
piece Front 42X85um

average footprint positive
Length: 611um
width: 230um
piece rear 34x46um
piece Front 23X54um

footprint small positive
Length: 201um
width: 84um

As one of the characteristics of the 'walk' lithography on silicon is to be readily visible to the naked eye, the second element of the work is made from 4 giant (large photographs) of the walk micrometer, which clearly show what the eye struggles to see the sample of silicon. The pictures were taken through a scanning electron microscope. Again, in the following paragraphs describe the manner in which the images were obtained within the laboratories of Politecnico di Torino.

THE PROCESS OF REALIZATION OF 4 IMAGES
The scanning electron microscope (SEM)

The 'Photos' fingerprint lithographed silicon were obtained by the use of SEM, or scanning electron microscope. The fundamental difference between the traditional optical microscope and the scanning is that it uses a beam of electrons instead of visible light.
The SEM is therefore able to reach a resolution several orders of magnitude greater than what can be achieved with a normal optical microscope (which can not go much below the order of micrometers). Thanks to the SEM are also reported thick objects, which can be oriented and enlarged during the observation. The surface of the sample (in our case the portion of the silicon) is in fact "brushed" by a beam of electrons and the image is built indirettamente a partire dagli elettroni riflessi e diffusi dalla superficie dell'oggetto. Appositi dispositivi consentono sia di orientare il fascio di elettroni che scansiona il campione, sia il campione rispetto al fascio. L’oggetto deve però essere inserito in una camera a vuoto, per evitare il rumore causato dall’interazione degli elettroni con gli atomi che compongono i gas presenti nell’aria, nonché con la polvere e altre impurità. Nella camera possono essere posizionati anche diversi campioni di dimensioni relativamente grandi (dell'ordine dei centimetri).

VERSO L’ARTE INVISIBILE
L’opera Oltre le colonne d'Ercole è solo il primo passo di un progetto artistico e scientifico più ampio che ha quale obiettivo – grazie alla collaborazione con il Politecnico di Torino – la realizzazione di opere d’arte invisibili a occhio nudo. Grazie alle tecnologie oggi disponibili saremo presto in grado di di ridurre ulteriormente le dimensioni delle opere, scendendo dal livello micrometrico a quello nanometrico, arrivando alla produzione di oggetti artistici grandi quanto molecole o cellule. L’intenzione è quella di aprire un nuovo territorio estetico, dove l’opera d’arte c’è, esiste, ma non si vede ad occhio nudo.
Altro obietttivo è la realizzazione di opere non solo bi- ma tridimensionali: in other words to create something similar not only to lithographs or paintings, but sculptures in nanoscale.

Honda Kick N Go Parts

Nanoarte: infinitamente inferiori a Orfescu

What you see on the right is a work of Cris Orfescu entitled Stretching the Limits 2 . Its dimensions are 102 x 152 cm, the technique is not specified, unlike the price: 16900 €. Not bad. To learn more about Orfescu just type the name and last name on Google to find out quickly that the good Cris - Romanian by birth, American by adoption - is the founder of NanoArt , the founder, who first, in the arts, he has experimented with nanometric structures.

Now, although the works of both our Orfescu NanoArt are labeled, is not without interest to understand the differences between the two approaches, since they are not dealing with simple details.

substantial diversity, one might say, is macroscopic and is immediately evident: the work of Cris Orfescu have normal size, or, in other words, they are visible . It is the subject of the works to be nanoscale: Cris, in essence, process images obtained from scanning electron microscopes (working, for example, the colors), then print in various sizes and then exposes them.

our operations, by contrast, are not simply images, copies, scans or elaboration of the fascinating, mysterious world of the infinitely small. These are the works themselves have micrometer or nanometer-sized - Africa, current size of (Alessandro Scali and Robin Goode, 2007) measuring 300 x 280 nanometers - and therefore are invisible to the human eye.

I find it appropriate to stop here and avoid making comparisons on the subjects, themes or content of their works. Each judge may freely both our Orfescu those who are somewhere online. What is important emphasize is that our approach - which might be more appropriate to call it art invisible instead Nanoart - removes, conceals the eye of the viewer the basic element of visual art, which also focuses on the elusive NanoArt of Orfescu.